ABSTRACT
Objective @#To systematically evaluate the detection of Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China, so as to provide insights into the management of L. pneumophila contamination.@*Methods@#The publications pertaining to L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China were searched in international and national databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. The publication quality was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata version 16.0. The pooled detection of L. pneumophila and its 95%CI were estimated. The publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test, and sensitivity analysis was performed with the leave-one-out evaluation for assessment of the robustness of the outcomes.@*Results@#A total of 742 publications were initially searched, and 29 publications were finally included, all of which were cross-sectional studies. The publications included 10 high-quality and 19 moderate-quality studies covering 6 160 samples, and the pooled detection of L. pneumophila was 17.20% (95%CI: 12.80%-21.90%). Subgroup analysis showed a higher detection rate of L. pneumophila in cooling water (21.80%) than in condensed water (5.50%) (P<0.01). According to the criteria defined in Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (2006 version), the detection of L. pneumophila was 23.30%, which was higher than the detection (13.20%) according to the Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (WS 394-2012) (P<0.05). The detection of L. pneumophila did not vary in place, region or sample (P>0.05). Begg's test showed no significant publication bias, and sensitivity analysis showed robustness of the results. @*Conclusions@#The detection of L. pneumophila ranges from 12.80% to 21.90% in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China. Health and environmental protection sectors need to improve the monitoring of L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014 induced autophagy on cell proliferation in HCCLM3 cell lines in vitro. Methods HCCLM3 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of AZD2014 (100 nmol/L) or rapamycin (100 nmol/L) or 3-methyladenine (10 nmol/L). To detect autophagy vacuoles, HCCLM3 cells were divided into the control group, rapamycin group, AZD2014 group, control+3-MA group, rapamycin+3-MA group, and AZD2014+3-MA group, and auto-fluorescent dye monodansylcadaverine (MDC) was used to monitor autophagy vacuoles. To semi-quantify the expression of autophagy-related proteins, HCCLM3 cells were divided into the control group, rapamycin group, and AZD2014 group, and Western blotting analysis was carried out to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins, LC3B-II and Beclin-1. To evaluate the effect of autophagy induced by AZD2014 on cell proliferation, HCCLM3 cells were divided into the control group, 3-MA group, AZD2014 group, and AZD2014+3-MA group, Cell Counting Kit-8 was used. Results AZD2014-treated HCC cells showed an increase in the number of MDC-labeled vacuoles as well as in their size. AZD2014 treatment increased the levels of LC3B-II and Beclin-1 (P<0.05). CCK-8 assay revealed that suppression of cell proliferation elicited by AZD2014 in HCCLM3 was partly attenuated by 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor). Conclusion Dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014 suppressed cell proliferation in the HCCLM3 cell line with increased autophagy, in vitro. This study provides a potential basis for further investigation of AZD2014 as a clinical molecular targeted agent for HCC treatment.
ABSTRACT
Recent studies suggested that the prostate cancer may arise from prostate cancer stem cells that share some same characteristics with normal stem cells.The purpose of this study was to detect the differences of Nanog expression between PC3 prostate cancer cell line and its tumor stem cells,and fhe relationship was preliminarily examined between Nanog and prostate cancer and its tumor stem cells.By using magnetic active cell sorting (MACS),we isolated a population of CD44+/CD133+ prostate cancer cells that display stem cell characteristics from PC3 cell line.lmmunohistochemistry revealed positive expressions of CD44,C D 133 and α2β1-integin in the isolated cells.CCK-8 analysis showed that isolated cells had a strong proliferafive ability.The formation of the cell spheres in serum-free medium and holoclones in serum-supplied medium showed that the cells were capable of self-renewing,indicating that the isolated cells were a population of cancer stem-like cells derived from PC3 cell line.Western blotting exhibited that the isolated cells had higher experession of Nanog,an embryonic stem marker,as compared with PC3 cells.Our study showed that Nanog might be helpful in sustaining the self-renewal and fhe undifferentiation of prostate cancer stem cells,and may serve as a marker for prostate cancer stem cells for isolation and identification.